SOPARFI

SOPARFI

Company types

SOPARFI HOLDING

Luxembourg hosts thousands of holding companies known as SOPARFIs (Sociétés de Participation Financière). These entities invest across various sectors globally, including industry, finance, infrastructure, IT, digital economy, and asset management.

SOPARFI is an ideal vehicle for:
– Serving as holding companies
– Listing shares in Luxembourg or the EU
– Receiving or granting loans
– Raising capital for investment
– Issuing bonds or debt securities
– Investing in intellectual property
– Co-investing with other institutional or family offices

Services

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Legal forms

It can be registered in the following legal forms:
– a public limited company (S.A. – société anonyme),
– a limited liability company (S.à r.l. – société à responsabilité limitée),
– a partnership limited by shares (S.C.A. – société en commandite par actions),
– a cooperative company (S.C. – société cooperative), or
– a European company (société européenne).

Taxation

A SOPARFI in Luxembourg is subject to various taxes, including corporate income tax (CIT), municipal business tax (MBT), and a contribution to the unemployment fund, resulting in a combined tax rate of 24.94% as of 2023 for companies in Luxembourg City. Additionally, it is subject to a net wealth tax (NWT) of 0.5% on net assets, with a reduced rate of 0.05% for net wealth exceeding EUR 500 million. A minimum NWT of EUR 4,815 applies under specific conditions.

As a normally taxable company, a SOPARFI benefits from Luxembourg’s extensive tax treaty network and EU Directives, avoiding double taxation on dividends, interest, and royalties. Under certain conditions, dividends, liquidation proceeds, and capital gains from shareholdings can be exempt from income tax through the participation exemption.

Dividends distributed by a SOPARFI are generally subject to a 15% withholding tax (WHT), which can be reduced or exempted under tax treaties or EU Directives. Non-resident shareholders are exempt from Luxembourg capital gains tax on the sale of shares if they hold less than 10% of the share capital or if the sale occurs after six months of acquisition. Liquidation proceeds distribution is not subject to Luxembourg WHT.

Substance in Luxembourg

To ensure sufficient substance in Luxembourg, a SOPARFI should prioritise key practices. These include having a majority of board members residing in Luxembourg and holding physical board meetings in the country. Decision-making and execution of important agreements should also occur in Luxembourg, with detailed minutes kept. Shareholders’ meetings should be held annually in Luxembourg. Adequate capitalisation, day-to-day management in Luxembourg, and compliance with tax and legal requirements are essential. Operating from a fully equipped office, employing local staff as needed, and maintaining financial records and bank accounts in Luxembourg further solidify the company’s presence. These practices collectively demonstrate effective management and control, mitigating regulatory risks.

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